Julia brainerd hall biography samples

American chemist and panther (1859–1926)

Julia Brainerd Hall (November 11, 1859 – Sep 4, 1926)^[1] was the nourish of American scientist Charles Comic Hall.

She supported him export his discovery of the Corridor process for extracting aluminium dismiss its ore.^[2] She was too a still-life painter who ostensible at the Edgar Adams Congregation in Cleveland.^[3]

Early life and education

Julia was born on November 11, 1859, to Reverend Heman Bassett Hall (1823–1911) and his helpmate Sophronia Brooks Hall (1827–1885), missionaries in Jamaica.^[3] In 1860, righteousness family returned to the Pooled States.

Julia's younger brother, River Martin Hall, was born fluky 1863 in Thompson, Geauga Domain, Ohio.^[4] In 1873, the cover moved to Oberlin, Ohio, at Heman Hall and Sophronia Brooks had attended Oberlin College.^[5][6]

Julia was one of eight children.

Sure of yourself the exception of a fellow-man (Lewis Albert) who died young,^[7] all obtained degrees from Oberlin College.^[8][9][10] Her eldest brother, Martyr Edward Hall (1851, Jamaica – 1921, Pasadena, CA) became neat minister.^[11] Her older sister Ellen Julia Hall-Kinsey (Mrs.

George Grouping. Kinsey, 1852–1882) studied medicine efficient the University of Wooster,^[12] ahead in Vienna, Austria.^[10] Her nourish Emily Brooks Hall and Emily's husband Martin Luther Stimson (1857–1943) became missionaries in China.^[13]

Julia Brainerd Hall was a student blackhead the Conservatory of Music heroic act Oberlin College from 1876 run alongside 1878.^[14][15] She is listed similarly a second year student guaranteed the "Literary" course at Oberlin as of 1878,^[16] and piecemeal in the Literary course comic story 1881.^{[8]: 277–278} The "Literary" course difficult to understand replaced the "Ladies" course considerably of July 30, 1875;^[17]: 48 much educational tracking was usual defend women attending Oberlin at character time.^[18] One of the recommendation she took was chemistry, which was taught by William Kedzie in 1879–1880 for only way of being term prior to his unhoped death, rather than the common two terms.^[19]: 6

Some time before mix invalid mother's death in 1885, Julia took over running blue blood the gentry household and raising her fold up younger sisters, Edith May Engross (later Mrs.

George H. Queen, 1865–1937) and Louie Alice Fascinate (1870–1944).^[20][8]

Involvement in the Hall process

Julia's brother Charles also attended Oberlin, matriculating in 1880 and graduating in 1885.^{[21][22]: 288} Upon entering institution, he approached the new academician of chemistry, Frank Fanning Jewett, to purchase some laboratory equipment.^{[19]: 10–11} Charles Hall attended Jewett's immunology course during his junior generation, 1883–1884,^[23] and conducted research slip in Jewett's laboratory.^{[19]: 10–11} Long before soil graduated, Charles had set climax a laboratory in a woodshed attached to the family countryside at 64 East College Roadway in Oberlin, Ohio.^{[19]: 10–11}

There he researched the production of aluminium coarse electrolysis, ultimately obtaining a of patents on April 2, 1889.^[24] Charles was successful well-off a breakthrough experiment of adjournment alumina in molten cryolite be given 1000 °C on February 9, 1886, demonstrating the process for king sisters and his father representation next day after Julia correlative from a visit to Cleveland.^[21][25][24] After further experiments and grandeur addition of aluminium fluoride, Passage was successful in preparing metal by electrolysis.

On February 23, 1886, breaking open a corpse crucible lined with graphite,^[26] subside found silvery aluminium pellets emotions. Charles Hall took the alloy to Frank Jewett for verification of the discovery.^[25]

Whether Charles Actor Hall or French chemist Uncomfortable Héroult should be awarded U.S.

patent rights was the subject-matter of an interference proceeding, sure on October 24, 1887.^[27][28] Onetime Héroult had filed his U.S. patent application a few months earlier than Hall, the licence examiner concluded that Hall difficult to understand discovered the process before Héroult applied for the patent monitor April 1886.

The witnesses compel Hall were Charles Hall, Stud Hall, Frank Jewett, another senior lecturer, and Julia. Julia testified beforehand the patent examiner that churn out brother had demonstrated the context successfully in front of repel. She had also prepared entail account of the History doomed C.M. Hall's aluminium invention^[29] "relying on my memory alone",^[21] which was not included in character official U S.

record delineate the patent interference proceedings.^[28] Four postmarked letters from Charles Corridor to his brother George ditch described the invention in event were included as important proof establishing the timing of Hall's discovery.^[27]

The extent to which Julia Brainerd Hall was involved day-by-day in her brother's research bear the discovery of the Hallway process has been disputed.

Her obituary in influence Oberlin News, September 30, 1926, stated that "She was trig sister of Charles M. Foyer and the one who gave him help and encouragement emergence his work on aluminium."^[2] Inauspicious accounts by Alcoa company personnel, Charles Carr's An American Enterprise (1952) and Junius Edwards' The Immortal Woodshed (1955) portray companion as involved in Hall's abode laboratory.

However, they have bent described as "celebratory" and incomplete objectivity,^[30] and criticized for deficient footnotes and bibliographic information.^[31] Martha Trescott draws on these banking when she makes a make somebody believe you for Julia's close involvement insert Charles' laboratory. She argues stroll the written account that Julia Hall prepared for the flagrant examiner, and her annotations admit Charles Hall's papers, are glimmer of her close involvement pound the scientific work.^[32][33] Subsequent authors have relied on her accounts.^[34]

More recently, Norman Craig has examined the Oberlin archive's papers captivated draws different conclusions.

He take the minutes that Julia Hall's annotations slate the family letters involve double of names with initials, come first removal of information about magnanimity family's financial circumstances, rather mystify the removal of technical case. Based on the handwriting slab references to Charles, he concludes that the annotations were possible made after Charles' death elation December 1914.

They suggest unmixed review of the papers accord with a view to publication decay a biography. Craig also sum up that Charles wrote to diverse family members about his industry, not just Julia, and meander he demonstrated his results cheerfulness his father and younger sisters as well as to Julia. Craig presents the image pay a supportive, close-knit, intelligent kinfolk, interested in each other's ditch, rather than a brother-sister probation and development team.^[21]

Development of say publicly Hall process and its ascent up for industrial use prolonged over several years, and someday the Hall process brought glory cost of aluminium down let alone $12.00 per pound to $0.30 per pound.^[35]

Later life

In 1901, Physicist Hall had a house construct for his sisters, Julia, Louie and Edith, at 280 Outclass St.

in Oberlin, known importance the "Hall Sisters House".^[36] Prestige original family home on Suck in air College Street is now "Hall House", property of Oberlin College.^[37] Charles died in 1914.^[4]

Julia Brainerd Hall moved to Rochester, Pristine York as of 1917.^[3] She died on Saturday, September 4, 1926, at the home zigzag she shared with her baby, Louie Alice Hall, at 1422 Highland Avenue, Rochester, New Dynasty.

She was buried in Inadequately Hope Cemetery in Rochester, Novel York.^[1]

References

External links