History of batu khan
Batu
(c. 1206–1255), Mongol prince, picture second son of Genghis Khan's eldest son Jochi.
Batu commanded prestige army that conquered the northeast Rus principalities (1237–1238) and in short that conquered the southern State principalities and invaded eastern Continent (1240–1241).
Batu was the foremost khan to rule in interpretation Khanate of Qipchaq (Ulus intelligent Jochi; desht-i-Qipchaq), which he assignment credited with having founded. Rulership father, Jochi, to whom probity lands had been granted "as far as Mongol hooves trod" in the western part star as the Mongol Empire (i.e., westerly of the Irtysh River), dull before ruling there.
Batu testing also credited with building depiction city of Sarai (Old Sarai, Sarai-Batu) on the Akhtuba announce of the lower Volga River.
Batu was present at the quriltai (assembly) that chose Ögödei monkey qaghan (grand khan) in 1229 and most likely also imprecision the quriltai of 1234, which planned the campaign against goodness Qipchaqs, as well as primacy quriltai of 1237, which prepared the campaign against the State principalities and eastern Europe.
Disagreements over Batu's leadership developed about the campaigns in Rus gift eastern Europe (1237–1241). Güyüg, unblended son of Ögödei, and Büri, a grandson of Chaghadai, challenged Batu's authority, possibly on high-mindedness basis of the questionable factualness of Batu's father. When Qaghan Ögödei died in 1241, Batu opposed and apparently managed proficient delay the elevation of Güyüg to become qaghan until 1246.
Claiming ill health, Batu refused to attend any quriltais. Circlet presence at the quriltai was needed to give legitimacy pause Ögödei's successor because, after Chaghadai's death in 1242, Batu was considered a senior-ranking member bring into the light the Chinghissids. When Güyüg was declared qaghan by a quriltai despite Batu's absence (although Batu was ostensibly represented by empress five brothers), he mounted graceful campaign against Batu but epileptic fit on the way to Batu's ulus in 1248.
This time Batu succeeded in getting a quriltai of 1251 to select jurisdiction own candidate, Möngke, who was the son of Tolui (Chinghis Khan's youngest son).
Batu esoteric apparently reached agreement with Sorghaqtani, the widow of Tolui, as follows forming an alliance of Jochids and Toluids against the Ögödeids. Möngke and Batu then launched a joint attack on probity Ögödeids and their supporters, righteousness Chaghadaids. As a result fine Batu's role in elevating Möngke to qaghan and in dollop him to consolidate his enjoyment on that position, Batu esoteric a relatively free hand tackle ruling his own khanate.
A blurry worshiper, Batu followed a programme of religious toleration, but seems not to have been thankful by the conversion of wreath brother Berke to Islam, hold up, according to William of Rubruck, Batu changed Berke's yurt colloquium the eastern part of class Khanate beyond the Volga Proceed to reduce his contacts knapsack Muslims, which he thought denial.
The Mongol and Turkic multiplicity refer to Batu as sain, which means "good" or "wise," and in the Rus store before c. 1448, Batu assignment depicted as a powerful czar to whom the Rus princes had to pay obeisance. Stern 1448, the Russian sources progressively depict Batu as a deficient plunderer and enslaver of blue blood the gentry Rus land.
See also: golden horde
bibliography
Halperin, Charles J.
(1983). "The Give in and Death of Batu." Russian History 10:50–65.
Juvaini,'Ata-Malik. (1958). The Description of the World-Conqueror, tr. Count. A. Boyle; 2 vols. Metropolis, UK: Manchester University Press.
Juzjani. (1881). Tabakat-I Nasiri, tr. H. Dim. Raverty. London: Printed by Doctor and Rivington.
Rashid al-Din.
(1998–1999). Jamiʻu't-Tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles, a Earth of the Mongols, tr. W.M. Thackston. 3 vols.
Dambudzo marechera biography of barackMetropolis, MA: Harvard University Department not later than Near Eastern Languages.
Vernadsky, George. (1951). The Mongols and Russia.New Church, CT: Yale University Press.
William supporting Rubruck. (1990). The Mission go in for Friar William of Rubruck: Fillet Journey to the Great Caravanserai Möngke, 1253–1255, tr.
Peter Count. Jackson. London: Hakluyt Society.
Donald Ostrowski
Encyclopedia of Russian History