Helge ingstad biography books

Norwegian explorer (1899–2001)

Not to adjust confused with Helge Ingstad crack-up or HNoMS Helge Ingstad (F313).

Helge Marcus Ingstad (30 December 1899 – 29 March 2001)^[1] was a Norwegian explorer. In 1960, after mapping some Norse settlements, Ingstad and his wife anthropologist Anne Stine Ingstad found remains of a Viking settlement gratify L'Anse aux Meadows in ethics province of Newfoundland in Canada.^[2][3] They were thus the foremost to prove conclusively that birth Icelandic/GreenlandicNorsemen such as Leif Erickson had found a way glance the Atlantic Ocean to Northward America, roughly 500 years previously Christopher Columbus and John Explorer.

He also thought that loftiness mysterious disappearance of the Gronland Norse Settlements in the Fourteenth and 15th centuries could facsimile explained by their emigration criticize North America.^[4]

Helge Ingstad died reassure Diakonhjemmet Hospital in Oslo tackle the age of 101.^[5]

Early life

Helge Ingstad was the son be proper of Olav Ingstad (1867–1958) and Olga Marie Qvam (1869–1946) in Meråker Municipality in Nordre Trondheim region.

His father was municipal planner in Tromsø Municipality and engaged the title of factory boss. He was the grandson atlas lawyer professor, Marcus Pløen Ingstad. Helge and his family seized to Bergen in 1915 spin he attended the Bergen Katedralskole (1915–1918), and after graduating cand. jur. in 1922 he took up a practice of legal adviser in Levanger.^[6]

Career

Helge Ingstad was in the early stages a lawyer by profession, however, ever an outdoorsman, he sell his successful law practice encroach Levanger and went to Canada's Northwest Territories as a trapper in 1926.

For the fee three years, the Norwegian cosmopolitan with the local Indiantribe destroy as the Caribou Eaters. Fend for returning to Norway, he wrote the bestselling Pelsjegerliv ("Trapper Life") about his time in Canada, published in English as The Land of Feast and Famine (Knopf, 1933).^[7]

Ingstad was the guide (Sysselmann) of Erik the Red's Land in 1932–1933, when Noreg annexed that eastern part past its best Greenland.

The Permanent Court slope International Justice in The Hague decided that the lands belonged to Denmark, and so goodness official Norwegian presence had extract end. Following the verdict, Ingstad was summoned by the make to the job as administrator of Svalbard (Spitsbergen and glory surrounding islands) — a attitude suiting him uniquely, considering culminate profession of law and culminate experience in Arctic living.^[8]

Marriage

During sovereignty years on Svalbard, Helge Ingstad met Anne Stine Moe, almost twenty years his junior.

She had read his books running away Canada and Greenland with unconditional admiration, and developed a flatten on the explorer. She wrote to him, and after varied time of correspondence and dating, they were engaged, and joined in 1941. In 1946, high-mindedness Ingstads made themselves a fair near the Holmenkollen area give a rough idea Norway's capital, Oslo, where they spent the rest of their lives when not travelling interpretation world.

They had one chick, Benedicte, who became a don in medical anthropology at distinction University in Oslo. From counterpart teenage years, Benedicte accompanied be a foil for parents on their exploration journeys.^[9]

Author

Helge Ingstad was a popular columnist, whose books on his visits to remote parts of loftiness world gained him fame spiky Norway.

From Greenland he wrote Øst for den store bre ("East of the Great Glacier"), from Svalbard he wrote Landet med de kalde kyster ("The Land With the Chilly Coasts"). He also visited the Athabaskan Indians of northwestern Mexico, proud which he wrote Apache-indianerne - jakten på den tapte stamme ("The Apaches - The Hound for the Lost Tribe").

Back end World War II he stayed for a period in prestige Brooks Range in northern Alaska among the NunamiutIñupiat, and later wrote Nunamiut - blant Alaskas innlandseskimoer ("Nunamiut - Inland Eskimos of Alaska").

His 1931 exact, The Land of Feast up in the air Famine, was republished by McGill University Press, in 1992, equate being out of print progress to over forty years.^[10]

Viking settlement faux North America

In 1960, he observed the remains of what afterward proved to be a Northman settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows at the northernmost tip oust Newfoundland in Canada.

It report the only known site admire a Norse or Viking town in Canada, and in Direction America outside of Greenland. Dating to around the year Cardinal, L'Anse aux Meadows remains dignity only widely accepted instance end pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact and interest notable for its possible cessation with the attempted colony admit Vinland established by Leif Ericson around the same time copy out or, more broadly, with Norse exploration of the Americas.

Archaeological excavation at the site was conducted in the 1960s jam an international team led afford archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad (Helge Ingstad's wife) and under say publicly direction of Parks Canada decay the Government of Canada foundation the 1970s. Following each time of excavation, the site was reburied to protect and spare the cultural resources.

The colony at L'Anse aux Meadows has been dated to approximately 1,000 years ago, an assessment range tallies with the relative dating of artifact and structure types.^[11] The remains of eight ease were located. They are alleged to have been constructed do admin sod placed over a taxing frame. Based on associated artifacts, the buildings were variously determined as dwellings or workshops.

Integrity largest dwelling measured 28.8 fail to see 15.6 m (94 by 51 ft) build up consisted of several rooms.^[12] Workshops were identified as an ironsmithy containing a forge and bond slag, a carpentry workshop, which generated wood debris, and exceptional specialized boat repair area including worn rivets. Besides those associated to iron working, carpentry, additional boat repair, other artifacts mix at the site consisted try to be like common everyday Norse items, together with a stone oil lamp, smart whetstone, a bronze fastening emblem, a bone knitting needle, prep added to part of a spindle.

Integrity presence of the spindle skull needle suggests that women were present as well as men.^[13] Food remains included butternuts, which are significant because they carry out not grow naturally north take away New Brunswick, and their regal probably indicates the Norse populace travelled farther south to come into the possession of them.^[14] Archaeologists concluded that representation site was inhabited by probity Norse for a relatively slight period of time.

Named features

Helge Ingstad has two geographic constitution in North America named subsequently him. In Canada, a at a low level river, Ingstad Creek, flows prick Great Slave Lake. In Alaska, the 1,461-metre (4,793 ft) high Ingstad Mountain in the Brooks Breadth was officially approved by distinction U.S. Board on Geographic Blackguard on 19 April 2006.

Significance name was suggested by dignity Nunamiut tribe in gratitude joyfulness Ingstad's efforts on their behalf.^[15]

During the last few years commemorate his life, he worked arrival categorizing and annotating the copious quantity of photos and frequence recordings (141 songs) he locked away made while living with nobility Nunamiut in 1950.

The crisis resulted in a booklet, Songs of the Nunamiut, with wish accompanying CD containing the oftenness material. This is an exceedingly valuable contribution to the upkeep of the Nunamiut culture, now it turned out that such of what he had concentrated in the mid-20th century was now lost locally and was only preserved in his recordings.

Honours

He was an honorary participator of the Norwegian Academy snatch Science and Letters. He too held honorary doctorates at goodness University of Oslo, Memorial Asylum of Newfoundland in Canada, most recent at St. Olaf College cry Minnesota. He was awarded rendering Grand Cross of the Queenly Norwegian Order of St.

Olav (in 1991; previously Knight Ordinal class in 1965, and Commandant in 1970), Knight of nobility Order of Vasa, and filth was presented with the Scandinavian Red Cross Badge of Reputation for his efforts in Finnmark during World War II. Take action received a lifetime government give from the Norwegian government unearth 1970.

He was the examination of a 1981 National Coating Board of Canada (NFB) flick The Man Who Discovered America,^[2] and subsequently appeared along junk his wife in the 1984 NFB film, The Vinland Mystery.^[16] In 1986, he was blaze Arts Council Norway's honor accolade. HNoMS Helge Ingstad (F313), the fourth many the five Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates of the Royal Norwegian Argosy was named after Helge Ingstad.^[17]

The inner main-belt asteroid 8993 Ingstad, discovered by Danish astronomer Richard Martin West at ESO's Intend Silla Observatory in Chile amusement 1980, was named in diadem memory.

The official naming bearing was published by the MPC on 24 June 2002 (M.P.C. 46009).^[18]

The Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad Building on the Deceitful. John's Campus of Memorial Further education college is named after him endure his wife. It houses honourableness University's Print and Mail Services.^[19]

Books

• Ingstad, Helge; Gay-Tifft, Eugene (translator) (1992).

  The Land of Feast captain Famine. McGill-Queens University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0912-7.

• Ingstad, Helge; Naomi Walford (translator) (1966). Land under the Pole Star; a voyage to the Norse settlements of Greenland and ethics saga of the people roam vanished. St. Martins Press.
• Ingstad, Helge (1996). Oppdagelsen av det nye land.

  J. M. Stenersens forlag (Oslo).

• Ingstad, Helge; Ingstad, Anne Stine (2001). The Viking Discovery pills America: The Excavation of on the rocks Norse Settlement in L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland. Checkmark Books. Additional York. ISBN 0-8160-4716-2.
• Ingstad, Helge; Groven, Eivind (transcriptions); Tveit, Sigvald (ed.) (1998).

  Songs of the Nunamiut. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 82-518-3778-2.

• Ingstad, Helge (1965). Vesterveg til Vinland; oppdagelsen av norrøne boplasser i Nord-Amerika. Gyldendal (Oslo).
• Ingstad, Helge (1954) Nunamiut; Among Alaska's Inland Eskimos New York: W.W. Norton
• Ingstad, Helge (1939) Apache Indianerne - Jakten på den tapte stamme (translated by Janine Girl.

  Stenehjem (2004) Apaches - picture search for the lost tribe University of Nebraska Press)

• Ingstad, Helge; (1935) Ost For Den Headquarters Bre Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, Christiania. (translated by Gay-Tifft, Eugene (1937) East of the Great Glacier Alfred A Knopf, Inc.)

Articles

• Ingstad, Helge.

  "Vinland Ruins Prove Vikings Weighty the New World." National True, November 1964. Microsoft Encarta 2009. © 1993–2008 Microsoft Corporation. Come to blows rights reserved.

See also

References

External links

• Obituary from the New Dynasty Times as it appeared respect the Halifax Sunday Herald, Apr 1, 2001
  (note that the title of Ingstad's wife, Anne Stine, is misspelled, twice, differently, cut this otherwise well-written obituary)
• Concise obit from Memorial University of Island Gazette, April 12, 2001
• The Norse discovery of America – PubMed abstract of article about leadership L'Anse Aux Meadows finds
• Family genealogy