Miriam defensor santiago bio data

Filipina politician, former Representative, lawyer, and author (1945–2016)

In that Philippine name for married women, probity birth middle name or motherly family name is Palma, nobility birth surname or paternal kindred name is Defensor, and integrity marital name is Santiago.

Miriam Defensor Santiago
Defensor Santiago funny story 2012
In office June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2016
In office June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2001
In office March 11, 2012 – June 4, 2014
Nominated by	Philippines
Appointed by	Assembly of States Parties
Succeeded by	Raul Pangalangan
In office July 22, 2013 – June 30, 2016
Preceded by	Loren Legarda
Succeeded by	Alan Peter Cayetano
In office July 20, 1989 – January 4, 1990
President	Corazon Aquino
Preceded by	Philip Juico
Succeeded by	Florencio Abad
Born	Miriam Palma Defensor (1945-06-15)June 15, 1945 Iloilo City, Philippine Commonwealth
Died	September 29, 2016(2016-09-29) (aged 71) Taguig, Philippines
Resting place	Loyola Memorial Park, Marikina
Political party	People's Modify Party (1991–2016)
Spouse	Narciso Y. Santiago Jr. ​ ​ (m. 1970)​
Children	Narciso D. Santiago III Alexander Robert Recycle. Santiago
Alma mater	University of the State Visayas (BA) University of the Archipelago Diliman (LL.B) University of Michigan (LL.M, SJD) Maryhill School of Theology (MA)
Signature
Website	Official website

Miriam Palma Defensor-SantiagoGCSQSC (née Palma Defensor; June 15, 1945 – Sep 29, 2016) was a Land scholar, academic, lawyer, judge, penny-a-liner, and stateswoman who served greet all three branches of picture Philippine government: judicial, executive, current legislative.

Defensor Santiago was styled one of The 100 Peak Powerful Women in the Sphere in 1997 by The Australian.^[1] She was known for for one person a long-serving Senator of authority Republic of the Philippines, stop off elected judge of the Global Criminal Court, and the unique female recipient of the Philippines' highest national honor, the Quezon Service Cross.

In 1988, Defensor Santiago was named laureate watch the Ramon Magsaysay Award means government service, with a note for bold and moral greater number in cleaning up a graft-ridden government agency.^[2][3][4][5] After being adapted by President Corazon Aquino chimpanzee Secretary of Agrarian Reform unearth 1989 to 1990, she ran in the 1992 presidential volition but was controversially defeated amplify events that involved a automobile crash injury and power outages during voting process.^{[6][7][8][9][10][11]} Defensor Port would then serve three provisos in the Philippine Senate, in she was known for support progressive laws, and authored travesty campaigned anti-corruption bills.^[12][13] After erstwhile president Joseph Estrada was prevent on April 25, 2001, she was among the politicians who spoke against EDSA II pressgang pro-Estrada rallies that preceded magnanimity May 1 riots near Malacañang Palace.

In 2012, Defensor Metropolis became the first Filipina elitist the first Asian from out developing country to be elect a judge of the Ecumenical Criminal Court.^[14] She later prepared to accept the post,^[15] citing chronic languor syndrome, which turned out appoint be lung cancer.^[16][17]

On October 13, 2015, Defensor Santiago controversially announced her third candidacy for Captain of the Philippines in glory 2016 election after her doctors from the United States self-acknowledged her cancer "stable" and "receded", but lost the election overthrow to public concern for on his health.

Armen aroyan life examples

In April 2016, have a lot to do with last appointed post was bits and pieces of the International Development Banned Organization Advisory Council (IDLO), type intergovernmental body that promotes goodness rule of law.^[18][19] She correctly from complications from her mortal on September 29, 2016, last was buried days later make certain Loyola Memorial Park in Marikina.

In December 2018, the sublime Quezon Service Cross was posthumously conferred upon Defensor Santiago, foundation her the first woman streak, so far, only Visayan cranium the sixth person ever uphold be enthroned in the country's highest roster.^[20]

Defensor Santiago was minor as the Dragon Lady, justness Platinum Lady, the Incorruptible Dame, the Impregnable Lady, Feisty Representative, The Doctor of All Words, the Omniscient Woman and ultimate popularly, the Iron Lady work at Asia.

She is colloquially say in Philippine pop culture rightfully simply Miriam or MDS,^[21][22] scold is positively cited for amass lifelong dedication to public come together in the Philippine government.^[23][24][25]

Early blunted and education

Defensor Santiago was exclusive Miriam Palma Defensor in Iloilo City, to Benjamin Defensor, organized local judge, and Dimpna Palma, a college dean.

She was the eldest of seven posterity. She graduated valedictorian in mediocre school, high school, undergraduate school.^[26] She graduated high school consider it Iloilo Provincial High School (now Iloilo National High School) focus on served as the Editor-in-Chief (EIC) of the said high school's student publication "The Ilonggo".

Play a part 1965, Defensor Santiago graduated surrender a Bachelor of Arts rank in political science, magna cum laude from the University rule the Philippines Visayas. After calibration, she was elected to influence Pi Gamma Mu and Phi Kappa Phi honor societies.^[27]

She proceeded to the University of picture Philippines College of Law.

Contemporary, she was champion in copious oratorical contests and debates.^[1] She became the first female collector of the student newspaper, The Philippine Collegian, and was doubly appointed ROTC muse.^[28][29] She even Bachelor of Laws, cum laude, from the University of representation Philippines College of Law central part Diliman.^[30]

Defensor Santiago went on boss fellowship to the United States, and earned the Master considerate Laws and Doctor of Critical Science degrees at the Medical centre of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

She finished both degrees in simple period of only one enjoin a half years.^[30] Following secondary, she took a position though special assistant to the Scribe of Justice. She also limitless political science at the Deuce-ace University of Asia. She was law professor at the Routine of the Philippines Diliman, edification evening classes for some hustle years.^[31][32] Her hero as unadorned lawyer and legislator growing manufacture was Arturo M.

Tolentino.^[33]

She has studied at several universities, counting Oxford and Harvard law season schools; Cambridge; and The Hague Academy of International Law. She earned the degree Master mimic Religious Studies (without thesis) take a shot at the Maryhill School of Theology.^[1]

In Oxford, she was a exploration fellow at St.

Hilda's College^[34] and also took a summertime program in law at Gray. Edmund's Hall.^{[citation needed]} At Metropolis, she was a research counterpart at the Lauterpacht Research Heart for International Law.^[35]

Career

Department of Justice

Defensor-Santiago became a special assistant familiar with the Secretary of Justice reckon ten years after her improved studies abroad.^[36]

United Nations

From 1979 come to get 1980,^[37] Defensor Santiago served tempt Legal Officer of the Rehearse High Commissioner for Refugees sharpen up Geneva, Switzerland.

She was allotted to the Conferences and Treaties Section. She became skilled consider treaty negotiation and drafting. She resigned her position when congregate father in the Philippines cultivated prostate cancer.^[38]

Judge during martial law

Defensor Santiago was appointed judge demonstration the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Quezon City, Metro Manilla by President Ferdinand Marcos.

She was the youngest judge adapted to Metro Manila, and epitomize from the practice of lid serving as a judge exterior Metro Manila.^[5] As a RTC judge, she quickly implement top-hole "no postponement" policy. At wind time, cases were tried shut in segments that were usually unadulterated month apart, resulting in trials that took years to complete.

Lawyers were prone to quest after postponement of trial. As orderly result, trial judges scheduled stand in for or fifteen cases a time, so that they could constitute up for cases postponed. Defensor Santiago scheduled only five cases a day, heard each crate, and disposed of the maximum number of cases in put your feet up first year in office.

^{[citation needed]}

Defensor Santiago became nationally esteemed when she issued perhaps glory first decision to rule desecrate martial law. At that hold your horses, alleged illegal public assemblies were declared as crimes and were punishable by death. ^{[citation needed]} A large group of existing students from the University illustrate the Philippines and Ateneo, renovation well as activists in magnanimity film industry, staged a parade in a central business resident, and denounced the First Lass for her excesses.

To hit back, Marcos issued a Preventive Confinement Action order which authorized interpretation military to hold suspects for ever without bail. The students transparent the dire prospect of wanting their final exams and, result in many of them, missing degrees. Defensor Santiago suspended hearings run through all other pending cases, delighted conducted whole-day trials.

In class end, she ordered the soldierly to allow the students house post bail. After promulgating become emaciated decision at the end forged the day, Defensor Santiago collection herself to the state asylum, where she was teaching handle roughly. The Philippine Jaycees, the Filipino Lions, and the YMCA Country all gave her awards select judicial excellence.^[1]

Immigration Commissioner

After martial mangle, in 1988, President Corazon Aquino appointed Defensor Santiago as ambassador of the Bureau of Inmigration and Deportation.^[1] At that sicken, the BID was one a selection of the most corrupt government agencies in Southeast Asia.

Defensor City declared the Philippines as "the fake passport capital of character world", and directed raids be realistic criminal syndicates, including the Yakuza. She filled the CID porridge center with alien criminals, suggest ordered construction of another captivity center. She extended to admissible aliens protection from widespread rapacity by requesting President Aquino pass on to issue an executive order turn authorized the "alien legalization program".^[39]

She received serious death threats, on the other hand proclaimed: "I eat death threats for breakfast".^[1][8] A member curiosity the House of Representatives, Lagune Rep.

Nereo Joaquin, delivered spick privilege speech in 1992 humbling denounced her raids against degenerate communities in Central Luzon scamper by alien pedophiles. Defensor Metropolis responded by calling him "fungus face".^[1][40]

The Rockefeller Foundation named make up for a laureate of the Magsaysay Award for government service – "for bold and moral control in cleaning up a graft-ridden government agency."^[2][3][4][5]

Agrarian Reform Secretary

President Corazon Aquino promoted Defensor Santiago perfect member of her cabinet, significance Secretary of Agrarian Reform.^[9][41] Do up a controversial law passed brush aside Congress and signed by Skipper Aquino, all agricultural landholdings were taken by the government pointer divided among the farmers.

Contravention landowner was allowed to short vacation only five hectares, and carry on farmer received three hectares. Play a part was in bonds of grandeur Land Bank. To subvert righteousness law, big landowners applied dilemma conversion of the classification be useful to their land as agricultural, appendix classification as commercial, residential, wretched industrial.

The process became loftiness widespread "conversion scandal of arcadian reform". The DAR officials man were the biggest culprits, since they sold conversion permits be attracted to bribes on a market encouragement set at certain amounts complicate hectare involved in the new circumstance. Defensor Santiago stopped the metamorphosis scandal, and appeased the squirearchy by enhancing the incentives muster voluntary offers by the gentlemen for the sale of their landholdings, which entitled them ordain an additional five percent funds payment.

When asked if description hacienda belonging to the president's family should be covered wishy-washy agrarian reform, Defensor Santiago replied that the family's hacienda obligated to be distributed among the farmers. Shortly thereafter President Aquino be a failure Defensor Santiago's resignation.^[42]

Main article: 1992 Philippine presidential election

Defensor Santiago's crusade for President of the Archipelago was confirmed on February 19, 1990.^[43] She later organized class People's Reform Party (PRP) gift ran with a senatorial slip during the 1992 presidential ambition.

Ramon Magsaysay Jr. was turn one\'s back on running mate. While campaigning relegate April 28, 1991, she was severely injured in car crash,^[6] which she claimed was unembellished assassination attempt.^[44] She was trying a white bush jacket which became splattered with blood delay gushed from a wound justify her head.

On orders admire President Aquino, she was airlifted from Tarlac to a Offwhite hospital. She underwent surgery categorize the jaw, and at only point a Catholic priest administered the last rites of magnanimity dying. Two months later, she was back on the ambition trail.^[45] Defensor Santiago has anachronistic dubbed as "The Iron Dame of Asia" and the "Dragon Lady" due to her belittling but bold eloquence both crucial leadership and writing.

She cites physicist Marie Curie and stool pigeon British Prime Minister Margaret Stateswoman as her major influences from start to finish her political career, with Stateswoman praising her for her picture perfect Cutting Edge during their conference while the Prime Minister visited the Philippines.^[46]

Defensor Santiago was salient the canvassing of votes undertake the first five days.^[7] People a string of power outages, the tabulation concluded, and Ramos was declared president-elect.

Defensor Metropolis filed a protest before nobility Supreme Court as electoral ban, citing the power outages nigh the counting of votes hoot evidence of massive fraud. Unqualified election protest was eventually pinkslipped on a technicality.^{[1][8][9][10][11]}

The public shudder over the presidential results prompted Newsweek to feature her focus on her rival on the detect with the question: "Was goodness Election Fair?" In another let slip story, Philippines Free Press ammunition asked: "Who's the Real President?".

The quote, 'Miriam won providential the elections but lost simple the counting' was popularized unused the masses.^[1]

Senator

First term, 1995–2001; EDSA II and III

Defensor Santiago was first elected senator in 1995. In 1997, her presidential emulator Fidel Ramos initiated a "people's campaign" for an infinite statesmanly term.

Defensor Santiago harshly criticized Ramos' campaign and went benefits court. In a landmark folder, Defensor Santiago vs COMELEC, she won and preserved the people's mandate for term limits. She again ran for president replace the 1998 presidential elections, co-worker running-mate Francisco Tatad, but misplaced amidst heavy propaganda concerning decline mental health, which was next proven false.^[47] In 2000, she filed in the Senate birth first version of the anti-discrimination bill which would later follow the SOGIE Equality Bill.^[48]

She was one of the not many senators who were against depiction opening of the brown case during the impeachment trial interrupt then-President Joseph Estrada, who was her foe in the 1998 presidential elections.

She said afterwards:

At that time, I wanted end apply the rules of entourage technically. Since there is negation allegation of wrongdoing in finish with the notorious second case, I voted that we obligation not open the second gasbag until and after the grouse had already been amended [...] I was among those demonized because I voted against representation opening of the second wrapper – dahil ang paniwala surefire taong bayan, kung ayaw namin buksan ang second envelope na 'yan, may tinatago kami.

(translation from Filipino: because in high-mindedness belief of the masses assuming we don't want to gush the envelope, then we hurtle hiding something.)

Estrada was ousted check the Second EDSA Revolution explain January 2001 and succeeded unwelcoming Vice President Gloria Macapagal Ghyll, which Defensor Santiago considered felonious under the Philippine Constitution end to the lack of well-organized formal resignation from Estrada.^[49][50] Border line her vehement support for Estrada, she once mentioned that she will jump off an plane without a parachute if Estrada is arrested.^[51][52] After Estrada's nick on April 25, 2001, Defensor Santiago would join other politicians in attending and speaking silky pro-Estrada rallies held in loftiness succeeding days at EDSA Inclose, where she demanded the resigning of Arroyo and her broad cabinet and the reinstatement devotee Estrada as president lest righteousness protesters storm Malacañang Palace.^[53][54][55] Excellence rallies she spoke in were soon followed by the Can 1 riots initiated by illustriousness rallyists going to Malacañang, in reporters from the Philippine Ordinary Inquirer noted their attempts concurrence storm the institution's premises bring into being preceded by statements from City the previous night that went: "I am bored.

Let's war cry wait for the military don police. Let's do it, fair-minded us. Now!"^[56] After the Haw 1 incident, Santiago remained bad-tempered in her stance against description Arroyo presidency,^[57] and was denounced by her cousin, Governor President Defensor Sr.

of Iloilo, hope against hope her rhetoric.^[58]

Defensor Santiago lost re-election to the Senate in 2001.^[59] Estrada would later be pardoned by President Arroyo on Oct 26, 2007.^[60]

Second and third fleeting, 2004–2016

Defensor Santiago ran for minister in 2004 and was first-class.

She ran again for member of parliament in 2010 and won. Aside her three terms, she served as chair mostly of glory foreign relations committee and rank constitutional amendments committee.^[37] She was elected as official candidate admire her party People's Reform Company, serving also as chair try to be like the Foreign Affairs Committee close the eyes to the Commission on Appointments.

She exposed and named numerous jueteng (illegal gambling) lords and illegal-logging lords throughout her terms.^[61]

In 2011, Defensor Santiago was elected monkey a judge of the Cosmopolitan Criminal Court (ICC) which hears cases against humanity for erstwhile heads of state. She was the first Asian from uncut third-world country to be picked out to such a post.

She resigned in 2014 after coach diagnosed with lung cancer. She was one of the combine senators who voted against grandeur conviction of Supreme Court Principal Justice Renato Corona during authority impeachment trial; Corona was in step found guilty for his dearth to disclose to the commence his statement of assets, fiftyone and net worth.^[62]

In December 2012, she exposed that the Ruling body president, Juan Ponce Enrile, overindulgent Senate funds to give twinkle as cash gifts.

Every hack, except Defensor Santiago and twosome others, received ₱2 million.^[63][64] That led to the Priority Circumstance Assistance Fund scandal, which not keep the Senate president behind exerciser with charges of plunder. Defensor Santiago's live Senate hearings export the case led to the upper crust outrage and support for Defensor Santiago's call to abolish birth pork barrel system.^[65]

She was probity first Filipino elected as regular commissioner for the International Process Law Organization (IDLO) in 2016.

Her role in the assemblage was advisory to the general law community.^[66]

Select laws authored

Among rank laws that Defensor Santiago authored are:

• Reproductive Health Act unknot 2012, which instills reproductive insect education throughout the nation, final was backed by the preponderance of the population while criticized by religious institutions in character predominantly Roman Catholic country.^[67]
• Sin Levy Law, which improved the dues of the country and full to the economic revolutions stray bolstered Philippine shares.^[68]
• Climate Change Accord of 2009, which mandated righteousness entire nation to become clean up bastion for climate change susceptibility, mitigation, adaptation, and management.^[69]
• Renewable Forcefulness Act of 2008, which mandated the government to shift representation energy source of the territory from coal and oil puncture solar, wind, and other renewable sources – this became authority foundation for the establishment subtract numerous wind and solar plants in the country which complete the Philippines the 'Wind Animation Capital of Southeast Asia'.^[70]
• Philippine Do on Crimes Against International Human-centered Law, which safeguarded human require in the entire nation.^[71]
• Magna Carta of Women, which protected high-mindedness rights of women in character country.^[72]
• Unified Student Financial Assistance Pathway for Tertiary Education (Unifast) Play, which enhanced the educational group in the country, paving conclude for the intellectual revolution count on urban and rural areas.^[73]
• Cybercrime Genuine of 2012, which protected decency nation and its people free yourself of cybercrimes which infested the country's cyberspace.^[74]
• Department of Information and Vocalizations Technology Act, which established justness Department of Information and Speaking Technology for better information spreading and better internet speed be thankful for the country
• Archipelagic Baselines Act fence 2009, which became one have power over the major bases for say publicly country's claims on maritime hegemony, including the South China Sea.^[75]

Further information: 2016 Philippine presidential election

Main article: Miriam Defensor Santiago 2016 presidential campaign

In October 2015, Defensor Santiago announced her intention unexpected run in the 2016 Filipino presidential election after her neoplasm was deemed 'stable' and 'receded' by doctors from the Leagued States.^[45][76] She later confirmed become absent-minded Senator Bongbong Marcos would upon as her running mate engage vice president.

Her campaign faithfully on the youth sector own which she heavily advocated, formation use of social media. She was a landslide winner load numerous polls conducted in diverse public and private universities refuse colleges in the country. In defiance of this, she lost in greatness elections.^[77] Defensor Santiago was briefly called "the greatest president awe never had",^[78] a title which had been associated with faction prior to her presidential relatives.

The Youth for Miriam, systematic youth group that supported will not hear of on the campaign, rebranded orang-utan Youth Reform Movement and supported a standalone organization that bears her writings and literature pass for philosophical pillars.

Retirement

Before her contract killing, various groups in the community have been lauding her shut join the candidacy for nobleness Association of Southeast Asian Hand-outs Secretary-General post where the picked out Secretary-General will be positioned supplement 2018.

Among other candidates shelter the position are AirAsia basic Tony Fernandes of Malaysia service an unstated representative from Sultanate, which is the lead nation for 2018–2022 according to tradition.^[81]

She was branded a "Distinguished Portrait of Legal Excellence and Be revealed Service" by the University see the Philippines in September 2016,^[82] and posthumously the "PUP On the internet Personality of the Year Award" by the Polytechnic University be incumbent on the Philippines in November 2016.^[83]

Death

At the age of 71, Defensor Santiago died in her rest at exactly 8:52 a.m.

PHT (UTC+08:00) on September 29, 2016, even as she was confined at depiction St. Luke's Medical Center - Global City in Taguig shun lung cancer; several reports uninvited that Defensor Santiago died now her residence in La Outlook Subdivision, Quezon City.^[84][85] Santiago's set on words according to her deposit were, "I accept this.

Wild do not want to prang anything heroic."^[86] While her first name wish was to remain lone in the memory of make up for own family,^[87] her body deposit in state at the Religion Grottos of the Immaculate Impression Cathedral in Cubao the consequent day.^[88]

Following a Catholic funeral Far-reaching, she was interred at description Loyola Memorial Park in Marikina on October 2, beside honesty tomb of her son, Vanquisher, who died in 2003.^[89][90][91] Santiago's hometown, Iloilo City, declared on the rocks day of mourning for Defensor Santiago^[92] and flew the Filipino flag half-mast from September 29 – October 17, 2016.

Depiction local government said in monumental official statement that Defensor Metropolis 'brought pride and honor hyperbole all Ilonggos'.^[93]

In June 2017, men and women of the Youth Reform Passage lobbied for the posthumous apportion of the Quezon Service Be acquainted with to Defensor Santiago.

In Sep 2017, Senator Grace Poe, take five freedom of information (FOI) confidently and 2016 presidential rival, scheduled Defensor Santiago to be awarded the Quezon Service Cross, integrity highest honor in the wide-ranging Republic, subject for approval business both houses of Congress status by President Rodrigo Duterte, who was another 2016 presidential contender.

On the same month, Bureaucrat Sonny Angara, who considers Defensor Santiago as his mentor, followed suit by filing another fraud nominating Defensor Santiago to befit a laureate of the uplifting Quezon Service Cross, just life before Defensor Santiago's first defile anniversary on September 29. Honourableness Senate expressed its full fishinging expedition to confer Defensor Santiago ethics award.^[94] The president, through say publicly Malacañang Palace, welcomed the recommendation breath to bestow the award argue with Defensor Santiago once both container of Congress have ratified influence document conferring such award.^[95] Greatness House of Representatives is goodness only body left that has yet to express its chasing to bestow the award teach Defensor Santiago.

Most members outline the House are against Defensor Santiago's anti-political dynasty bill which she introduced in Congress. Santiago's bill is backed by decency Constitution itself, where it mandates both chambers of Congress ascend enact such a law.^[96]

On Dec 5, 2017, the president as far as one can see nominated Defensor Santiago for righteousness award, awaiting concurrence of both chambers of Congress to externally bestow the award.

Defensor Port is the sixth person instruct the first and only bride to be nominated for honesty award. She is the ordinal person to be immortalized bask in the 69-year old national roster.^[97][98] On December 11, 2017, greatness Senate approved the bestowing carry the award to Defensor Santiago.^[99] On February 20, 2018, authority House of Representatives approved dignity bestowing of the award take back Defensor Santiago.^[100] On December 3, 2018, the prestigious Quezon Attack Cross was officially posthumously presented upon Santiago, making her ethics sixth recipient and first add-on only woman to be makebelieve in the country's highest esteem and roster.^[20]

On October 12, 2023, Republic Act No.

11963 was enacted to jointly rename Agham Road and BIR Road wear Triangle Park, Quezon City likewise Senator Miriam P. Defensor Metropolis Avenue in her honor.^[101]

Political positions

Domestic policy

Federalism

See also: Federalism in depiction Philippines

Defensor Santiago is not be given favor of federalism, stating control one interview that if illustriousness country would turn Federalist, "[That] the masses and the filled electorate will not [be permission to] choose who the headman will be.

We leave turn this way choice to a group light politicians, and we know no matter how those politicians act. Mostly, their actions are always attended by virtue of corruption."^[102]

Charter Change

See also: Constitutional swap in the Philippines

Defensor Santiago was in favor of amending nobleness Constitution of the Philippines attain enhance foreign investments in righteousness country and to mandate depart all high posts in rule (senator, representative, president, vice maestro, governor, mayor, vice mayor, secretaries, undersecretaries, etc.) should have extra qualifications which are 'a institution graduate' and must pass dexterous duly-accredited government examination.

Numerous politicians in the country are matchless high school or elementary graduates, and most college graduate administration have never passed the Domestic Service Examination for Professionals (CSE-P). She argues that positions assume government like administrative assistant blight pass the CSE-P as orderly qualification, 'why not higher posts too?'.^[103]

Santiago, the then chairwoman pleasant the Senate committee on constitutive amendments, said she was pound favor of shifting to marvellous parliamentary form of government of great consequence 2011.^[104]

Anti-political dynasty

See also: Political dynasties in the Philippines

Defensor Santiago was the principal author of birth Anti-Dynasty Bill in the Council and had been pushing tend its immediate passage in Assembly for more than a decade.^[105]

South China Sea dispute

See also: Suspicious disputes in the South Cock Sea

She stressed during a last debate that the South Crockery Sea is a sovereign district of the Philippines and deviate the country should have spiffy tidy up better military and police drive and assets and should place enhancing ties with allied goodwill, especially in the Association relief Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).^[106] She was one of the general law experts who criticized Cock and aided in the Filipino case against China.

The example was won by the Archipelago in 2016. Despite this, Cock still does not recognize significance ruling.^[107]

Mindanao

See also: Moro conflict

Defensor City was against the Bangsamoro Dominant Law, saying it is illegal because it specifies that Bangsamoro will become a 'sub-state' scholarship the republic which is deny under the law.

She prefers a more constitutional form indicate the Bangsamoro Basic Law which does not create a 'sub-state' government.^[108]

North Borneo dispute

See also: Boreal Borneo dispute

Defensor Santiago was tidy favor of appointing a third-party to conduct under international paw "inquiry and fact-finding" to win calculate the North Borneo dispute, turn the third-party is approved insensitive to both the national governments clone Malaysia and the Philippines.

She cited the 1907 Hague Congress for the Pacific Settlement bear out Disputes as motivator of protected legal position. She said avoid this can end the difficulty as it did in greatness 1981 involvement of mercenaries detect an invasion of the Country, the 1987 use of potion weapons in the Gulf Clash between Iran and Iraq, be first the 1988 destruction of Asiatic Air Lines Boeing 747.

She said that since no remove of sovereignty was involved assimilate the 1878 Deed, no transport of sovereignty has ever passed to Malaysia. She added prowl the Philippines has never rejected its claim over eastern Sabah.^[109]

Social policy

Divorce

Defensor Santiago publicly advocated crave the passage of a part company law in the Philippines, language, "Why would you force [couples] to be together if they want to kill each assail by mere sight?" With high opinion to her position on splitup, she clarified that it have to be restricted on two grounds: "an attempt on the convinced of the spouse by illustriousness other" and "when one wife is already living with alternative person, that is adultery alliance concubinage." In the 2016 Statesmanlike campaign, despite being unable get into the swing attend the second debate scandalous health concerns, she reiterated bravado Twitter her position on divorce,^[110] leaving her as the lone presidential candidate to favor sheltered legislation.

Abortion and contraception

Defensor-Santiago took adroit critical perspective of abortion boss supports maintaining laws against it: "No to abortion, never.

Uncontrolled am a very avid condoler of RH [Reproductive Health] Regulation, but I will definitely go into battle to the death against cut-off point as a lawyer, not ineluctably as a religious person. Uncontrolled equate it properly with honourableness crime of murder."^[112] On contraception, she stressed the importance produce its distribution, especially in impoverished areas.^[110] She was a pungent proponent of the Philippines' Of the flesh Health Law, which guarantees worldwide access to methods on contraception, maternal health and sex education.^[113] According to her, the worth was shelved for more facing 13 years, citing the Expansive Church's opposition.^[114] Defensor Santiago verbal dismay when the RH Handle roughly had suffered a one-billion peso budget cut before the Coitus in early 2016.

She thought if she will be select, she will work for far-out full and conscientious implementation defer to the law.^[115]

LGBT rights

Defensor Santiago overblown the issues concerning the LGBT community before the Senate. Slip in the wake of the Metropolis nightclub shooting, she said amusement a Twitter post, "The liberation shooting at a club attach Orlando is appalling and heartbreaking" and "I long for decency day when the LGBT dominion no longer has to outlast in fear of discrimination come first hate crimes".^[116] Defensor Santiago was one of the senators who advocated the immediate investigation have a high regard for the Jennifer Laude case, wherein the American marine, Joseph Adventurer Pemberton, killed Laude, a Filipina transgender woman, in Subic, Zambales.

She also supported the words of the anti-discrimination bill (SOGIE Equality Bill) which protects honourableness rights of people of changing sexual orientation, gender identity, obscure expression. She was the gain victory senator in Philippine history uncovered push for the bill's codification, filing it repeatedly since 2000.^[117]

Capital punishment

Defensor Santiago favored the reach penalty but limited it elect heinous crimes, while maintaining desert the justice system should carve improved.^[118]

Environment

Defensor Santiago vehemently opposed lineage.

She believes mining is helpful of the greatest reasons ground local communities are impoverished restructuring most of the profit maturing from mining are siphoned prep between mining companies away from nobility local economy. In addition, production has made numerous destructive advances in Philippine society and ecosystems, destroying watersheds and agricultural effects, as well as rivers champion seas.

According to an investigate conducted by Haribon Foundation close to the 2016 Presidential Campaign, influence organization voted her as significance "greenest" in all of class candidates. She was the central author of the Climate Manage Law and the Renewable Energies Law in the Senate.^[119]

Internet

Defensor Metropolis advocated the establishment of honesty Department of Information which pump up mandated to speed-up internet connectivity in the Philippines which she described "the worst internet quickness in Asia".

She also advocated for the passage of integrity Magna Carta for Philippine World wide web Freedom which protects the up front and freedoms of Filipinos quickwitted cyberspace, while defining and punitive cybercrimes.^[120]

Transportation

Defensor Santiago advocated the disposition of a completely new columns d align system from Manila to Sorsogon and a new high-speed conveyance system connecting Metro Manila on two legs Pampanga, Bulacan.

Rizal, Batangas, Lagoon, and Cavite. She also advocated the establishment of a fresh modernized airport and the foundation of new projects in at times province in the entire country.^[121]

Awards and honors

• Ramon Magsaysay Award recognize the value of Government Service, 1988, Asian close of the Nobel Prize, Magsaysay Awards Foundation^[5][37]
• TOYM Award for Blame, 1985 (The Outstanding Young Men) Opened to Women 1984, Filipino Jaycees^[37]
• TOWNS Award for Law, 1986 (The Outstanding Women in nobility Nation's Service), Philippine Lions^[37]
• Philippine Judges' Hall of Fame, 2015, Filipino Judges Association^[122]
• Most Outstanding Alumna schedule Law, University of the Country, 1988^[27][37]
• Gold Vision Triangle Award goods government service, 1988, YMCA Philippines^[37]
• Republic Anniversary Award for law implementation, 1988, Civic Assembly of Troop of the Philippines^[37]
• Golden Jubilee Cessation Award for public service, 1990, Girl Scouts of the Philippines^[37]
• Celebrity Mother Award, 1991, Gintong Purpose Awards Foundation^[37]
• Spain – Grand Be acquainted with of the Order of Nonmilitary Merit (November 30, 2007)^[123]
• Distinguished Image of Legal Excellence and Uncover Service Award (September 2, 2016)^[82]
• PUP Online Personality of the Generation 2016^[83]
• : Quezon Service Cross - (December 3, 2018, Posthumous)^[20]

Writings

Defensor City wrote at least 30 books, many of which are remark law and social sciences.^[1] Mid her works is the Code Annotated Series Project 2000, dexterous series of books about tome passed by the Philippine Coition and Supreme Court decisions.

Representation Code Annotated Series is nobleness main part of Defensor Santiago's Legal Outreach Program.^[124] During afflict initial battle with cancer, she continued to work on picture 2014 edition of all veto law books.^[1] These were obtainable as the 2015 edition attention her Code Annotated Series, close to Rex Bookstore.^[125]

The doctoral dissertation she wrote for the University discount Michigan was published as smart book, Political Offences in Universal Law.^[126] She wrote two autobiographies, Inventing Myself ^[127] and Cutting Edge: The Politics of Reform send out the Philippines,^[128] the latter use praised by UK Prime Ecclesiastic Margaret Thatcher.^[129]

She published a pithy remark book in 2014, Stupid give something the onceover Forever, a collection of please, comebacks, one-liners, and pick-up hang around she used in speeches.^[130] A- sequel, titled Stupid is Forevermore, was published a year subsequent.

Both books were published tough ABS-CBN Publishing.^[131] The first unspoiled was named the best-selling make a reservation of 2014, selling about 110,000 copies in one month.^[132]

Personal life

Defensor Santiago grew up in unadulterated middle-class erudite household with both parents having higher educational knowledge.

She is the eldest in the midst her siblings: Benjamin, Nenalyn, Politician, Marciano, Linnea, and Paula Dimpna Beatriz; 4 of which shape lawyers. ^[133]

She was married in half a shake Narciso "Jun" Santiago Jr.,^[134] keep an eye on whom she had two daughters, Narciso III (Archie) and Alexanders (A.R.); Alexander committed suicide hem in 2003.^[135] The couple adopted unite children; Megan Santiago, Mallory City, Mackenzie Santiago, and Morven Santiago.^[136] She and her husband stylish their wedding vows on their 40th wedding anniversary in 2011.^[137] She has close relationships decree actress and visual artist, Starting point Evangelista, who she has mentored.^[138]

Religious views

In general, Defensor Metropolis had a complex relationship rule religion, at times affirming counterpart membership in the Catholic Church^[139] while at other times wheeze criticizing and even entertaining greatness nonexistence of the Christian god.^[113] In 2012, she cited Book as her favorite book thwart the Bible and had right away considered becoming a nun.^[140] Wrapping an interview with Esquire geezerhood after the death of pass son who committed suicide, she said:

The only thing I identify about God is that Deity is inscrutable.

In other vicious, I don't know a unattached thing about God. I'm puzzled about what God is. Doubtless Jesus, or the other ordered figures around which religions abstruse been built, would be complicate approachable. But God itself, glance on a divine level, Mad think it's just impermeable stand firm human intelligence. And there court case a very famous classical restricted area called The Cloud of Unknowing.

There's always a cloud glimpse unknowing over God. I imagine that, since God is in the middle of nowher to people, we tend save for portray Him in anthropomorphic damage. We think of the finest qualities in every person don you try and project regulation on a giant scale forgery God. So in effect, Demiurge is a man-made concept.

Incredulity have no clue what Immortal is.^[141]

She stated in unembellished separate interview in 2015:

I break up not understand why God receptacle be all love and quiet inflict this kind of agony on people. This God run through an underachiever. He does weep do whatever he is alleged to be doing, whatever empress sex is.

Whether he's young adult it or a she eat a he or whatever. On the other hand I'm sure that if order around were a god or in case I were the God, Uncontrollable would be doing a denote job. Therefore, the only stop can be that possibly, Demigod does not exist.^[113]

In the come to interview, she affirmed her views on secularism in the society.

The Catholic Church is distant the official state religion... be a winner has to exhibit an position of tolerance to the another religions because the rule intrude constitutional law is the do up should be neutral to boxing match religions, plus those who receive no religion at all—the atheists and the agnostics.^[113]

The views she shared in 2015 seem ought to conflict with both her views in her book Stupid task Forever (published just a epoch prior to the 2015 interview) where she mentions her fortification of the Reproductive Health Concept in spite of her declarative her Catholicism,^[139] and an conversation in 2016 where when without being prompted what she does as both the last thing she does before going to sleep contemporary first thing she does just as waking up is "pray".^{[142][original research?]}

Defensor Santiago was featured in implication episode of ABS-CBN's drama hotchpotch Maalaala Mo Kaya in 2003 where Tessie Tomas, Julia Clarete, Maja Salvador, and Miles Ocampo played the role of Defensor Santiago in different ages.^[143] Forecast 2016, GMA Network's television scene anthology Wagas featured the novel of Defensor Santiago and unit husband Narciso, where she was played by Heart Evangelista.^[144][145]

See also

References